浅谈水泥稳定土的工程应用

从使用工艺注意事项、养生原则以及原材料要求等方面对水泥稳定土材料进行了介绍，对推广应用此类结构在工程上的应用具有一定的意义。     

风景园林与公共卫生：共识、分野与融汇 ——2次公共卫生革命视野下的学科关系审视

面对新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)所引发的肺炎疫情,基于“学科演进”这一特殊视角,关联性地审视“风景园林学”所面对的公共卫生和公众健康问题。在概述风景园林和公共卫生简史的基础上,重点结合第一次和第二次公共卫生革命,依据相关时间序列和历史事件梳理、勾勒出“风景园林-公共卫生”两大学科关联演进的大体脉络和历史图景。研究表明,正是第一次公共卫生革命,使现代风景园林和现代公共卫生从共识走向分野;而第二次公共卫生革命,又使现代风景园林和现代公共卫生从分野走向融汇。     

斜拉桥结构健康监测系统的设计与实现(I):系统设计

结构智能健康监测愈来愈成为重大工程结构健康与安全的重要保障技术,也愈来愈成为重大工程结构损伤积累乃至灾害演变规律的重要研究手段。斜拉桥健康监测系统是由传感器子系统、数据采集与传输子系统、结构分析子系统和数据管理子系统组成的,不同系统的谐调运行需要通过系统集成技术来实现。首先从监测内容、等级和功能等方面研究健康监测系统的总体设计原则;然后,分局部监测变量和整体监测变量研究传感器的最优测点确定方法和原则,提出传感器的选型原则;提出数据采集系统的总线设计方法和方案,研究数据采集系统硬件和软件设计方法;提出数据传输系统的设计原则和方法;给出斜拉桥基于构件和基于结构体系的安全评定设计方法;提出斜拉桥施工监控、成桥试验、运营健康监测和养护管理四位一体系统的共享设计原则;提出系统集成技术的软件设计方法。     

Risk of sick leave associated with outdoor air supply rate, humidification, and occupant complaints

We analyzed 1994 sick leave for 3,720 hourly employees of a large Massachusetts manufacturer, in 40 buildings with 115 independently ventilated work areas. Corporate records identified building characteristics and IEQ complaints. We rated ventilation as moderate (approximately 25 cfm/person, 12 ls-1) or high (approximately 50 cfm/person, 24 ls-1) outdoor air supply based on knowledge of ventilation systems and CO2 measurements on a subset of work areas, and used Poisson regression to analyze sick leave controlled for age, gender, seniority, hours of non-illness absence, shift, ethnicity, crowding, and type of job (office, technical, or manufacturing worker). We found consistent associations of increased sick leave with lower levels of outdoor air supply and IEQ complaints. Among office workers, the relative risk for short-term sick leave was 1.53 (95% confidence 1.22-1.92) with lower ventilation, and 1.52 (1.18-1.97) in areas with IEQ complaints. The effect of ventilation was independent of IEQ complaints and among those exposed to lower outdoor air supply rates the attributable risk of short-term sick leave was 35%. The cost of sick leave attributable to ventilation at current recommended rates was estimated as $480 per employee per year at Polaroid. These findings suggest that net savings of $400 per employee per year may be obtained with increased ventilation. Thus, currently recommended levels of outdoor air supply may be associated with significant morbidity, and lost productivity on a national scale could be as much as $22.8 billion per year. Additional studies of IEQ impacts on productivity and sick leave, and the mechanisms underlying the apparent association are needed.     

Keeping Warm and Staying Well. Does Home Energy Efficiency Mediate the Relationship between Socio-economic Status and the Risk of Poorer Health?

This paper discusses the findings of two surveys, undertaken in 2000 and 2001, which investigated relationships between home energy efficiency, socio-economic status and respondent health. Data were collected through interviews with an informant from each household and energy surveys. Respondents were drawn from relatively poor households. The main health measure used in the analysis, respondent-assessed overall health, was statistically significantly related to other health indicators, including SF36 scores, the reported presence of limiting conditions and health care behaviours such as visiting the GP. Worse respondent self-assessed health was statistically significantly related to occupational, wealth and income measures of poorer socio-economic status. However, measures of heating satisfaction and sense of mastery displaced the socio-economic measures when they were included in the predictive logistic regression model for self-assessed respondent health. Objective home energy efficiency, measured by SAP ratings, was associated with health in the model independently of the subjective measure. The findings support other evidence that home energy efficiency makes an important contribution to the relationship between lower socio-economic status and poorer health, and document the combined relationship between objective and subjectively measured home energy efficiency and health.     

后疫情时代武汉住区绿地健康景观 调研及建设思考

新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)肺炎疫情引发了人们对公共健康深层次的思考。为了解武汉市居民对住区绿地景观与公共健康关系的认识、疫情前后住区绿地使用变化,以及对住区绿地健康景观建设的建议,2020年7—8月课题组开展了针对上述问题的调研。筛选武汉市2020年2月居家隔离期间15个首批“高风险”小区作为样本,采用“线上问卷+线下观察访谈”相结合的调研方法,发现:1)疫情前后,针对居民使用住区绿地的“频率”和“时长”,选择“增加”与“减少”的人数相当,与“无变化”人数比例近3:3:4;2)超半数居民解封后在住区绿地停留15min以上;3)住区绿地健康景观提升主要依托“绿地植物应用”和“健身设施及场所建设”;4)居民相对更喜欢开花的园林植物,并表现出了较明确的关于植物颜色、香型等的偏好。建议住区绿地健康景观应“关注住区弱势群体”需求,增加居民“全健康”效益,鼓励公众参与。最后指出研究的不足,并提出住区绿地健康效益有待全社会的关注和智慧贡献。     

高分子建筑防水材料工业生产中的卫生防护(上)

对高分子建筑防水材料工业生产中的卫生危害及卫生防护进行了概貌性地评述。     

Effects of systematic work preparation meetings on safety climate and psychosocial conditions in the construction industry

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an intervention comprising education and support in performing frequent and structured work preparation meetings with broad participation. Such work preparation meetings were expected to have positive effects on safety climate by emphasizing the value of safety at the work site, and on perceived influence at work. The study was a longitudinal, matched before and after questionnaire study, with six construction sites within a large Swedish construction company, randomly assigned to the intervention or the comparison group. Contrary to expectations, the intervention group reported a decrease in safety climate, while this increased in the comparison group. Perceived influence at work showed a tendency to decrease at the interventions sites. Frequent work preparation meetings may provide ample opportunity for obtaining perceptual safety climate cues. But the effect is dependent on how these meetings are performed, and what priorities are conveyed.     

买房之选房技巧探讨

围绕消费者买房之选房技巧，从怎样选择户型、健康住宅标准、如何看房屋设计图纸、购房如何看房屋质置、挑选房子的标准、选房要素等进行探讨，以保证购到满意住房。     

“城市人”视角下社区卫生服务设施的供需匹配分析及规划策略——以武汉市为例

社区卫生服务设施是保障居民健康生活的基础,是健全城市公共服务的重要组成部分。基于"城市人"理论,以使用者和设施运营者"自存-共存"平衡状态下的共识为目标,构建"基于理性的需求共识和物性的规划匹配以及面向典型人居的要素干预"的社区卫生服务设施评价及规划方法。以武汉市为例,采用社会调查、回归分析、最优化分析等方法,辨识社区卫生服务设施"需求方"满意度的共识,并对典型生活圈的要素进行提取和对比,从服务范围、人居属性、道路属性及设施属性等方面提出优化策略。